Microcontroller programming

 Introduction to microcontrollers - Differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors - PIC instruction set - Interfacing PIC with external circuits - 8051 microcontroller architecture - 8051 instruction set - Addressing methods - Data movement commands - arithmetic and logic - branching - input and output ports - interrupts- Sequential data transfer - memory interfacing - I / O ports interfacing – Analog to digital and vice versa - interfacing 8051 with Stepper motor.

Computer Organizations

Basic hardware structure - Addressing modes and assembly language - main memory operation - machine instruction - Center processing units design - hardware implementation - Micro programming - ALU - Main memory design - RAM - Cash memory - Virtual memory - Flash memory.